Beans are part of the legume family. They are capable of a process called 'Nitrogen Fixation' which is the ability to take nitrogen from the air and store it in the roots. Legumes do not need any further nitrogen feeding, in fact excess nitrogen in the soil inhibits the process. When the crop is finished with, it should be dug into the soil where the nitrogen is then released. The following year, brassicas can be grown where the legumes previously grew, in the fertile, nitrogen rich soil.
Soil & Growing Position
Beans like a sunny position, sheltered from strong winds in well-drained, moist and fertile soil. Dig in winter, adding compost if none was added for the previous crop. Lime if your soil is acidic. Grow beans in a new part of the veg plot from the previous year ( see the section on Crop Rotation). Beans can also be grown in containers, minimum size of 18" in diameter with plenty of drainage holes and using a 50/50 mix of John Innes and general multi purpose or veg compost.
Prior to planting, construct a support for climbing beans using either an 8ft wigwam (pre-constructed or with 8ft canes and a Pea & Bean ring) or create a row of canes which lean in at the top and secure to a horizontal cane running the length of the row. Canes should be spaced at 6" and rows should be 23" apart.
Sowing from Seed
All beans are sown in situ, although runner beans can be started off under glass and planted out as a seedling once the risk of frost has passed. At the end of April sow a single bean seed in a 3" pot filled with multi purpose at a 1.5" depth. Water well and put in a well-lit and warm spot. Once germinated, the seedling will take around 3 weeks before it's ready for planting out. Prior to planting out, harden-off by putting in a coldframe for a few days.
Sow in situ from the end of May to mid June. Plant 2 seeds together next to a support at a depth of 1" for dwarf French beans and 2" for climbing French and runner beans and water well. After germination remove the weaker seedling. Help the plants entwine around their supports as they grow.
Crop Care
Water well, particularly container grown plants, around twice a week during dry weather. Mulching can help to retain moisture.
Harvesting
Harvesting begins in July and continues up to the first frosts. Once beans start to appear, pick daily as the more you pick, the more beans are produced.
